Vorige: Introduction to Units, Nach oben: unit [Inhalt][Index]
By default, the unit package does not use any derived dimensions, but will convert all units to the seven fundamental dimensions using MKS units.
(%i2) N;
kg m
(%o2) ----
2
s
(%i3) dyn;
1 kg m
(%o3) (------) (----)
100000 2
s
(%i4) g;
1
(%o4) (----) (kg)
1000
(%i5) centigram*inch/minutes^2;
127 kg m
(%o5) (-------------) (----)
1800000000000 2
s
In some cases this is the desired behavior. If the user wishes to use other
units, this is achieved with the setunits command:
(%i6) setunits([centigram,inch,minute]); (%o6) done
(%i7) N;
1800000000000 %in cg
(%o7) (-------------) (------)
127 2
%min
(%i8) dyn;
18000000 %in cg
(%o8) (--------) (------)
127 2
%min
(%i9) g; (%o9) (100) (cg)
(%i10) centigram*inch/minutes^2;
%in cg
(%o10) ------
2
%min
The setting of units is quite flexible. For example, if we want to get back to kilograms, meters, and seconds as defaults for those dimensions we can do:
(%i11) setunits([kg,m,s]); (%o11) done
(%i12) centigram*inch/minutes^2;
127 kg m
(%o12) (-------------) (----)
1800000000000 2
s
Derived units are also handled by this command:
(%i17) setunits(N); (%o17) done
(%i18) N; (%o18) N
(%i19) dyn;
1
(%o19) (------) (N)
100000
(%i20) kg*m/s^2; (%o20) N
(%i21) centigram*inch/minutes^2;
127
(%o21) (-------------) (N)
1800000000000
Notice that the unit package recognized the non MKS combination of mass, length, and inverse time squared as a force, and converted it to Newtons. This is how Maxima works in general. If, for example, we prefer dyne to Newtons, we simply do the following:
(%i22) setunits(dyn); (%o22) done
(%i23) kg*m/s^2; (%o23) (100000) (dyn)
(%i24) centigram*inch/minutes^2;
127
(%o24) (--------) (dyn)
18000000
To discontinue simplifying to any force, we use the uforget command:
(%i26) uforget(dyn); (%o26) false
(%i27) kg*m/s^2;
kg m
(%o27) ----
2
s
(%i28) centigram*inch/minutes^2;
127 kg m
(%o28) (-------------) (----)
1800000000000 2
s
This would have worked equally well with uforget(N) or
uforget(%force).
See also uforget. To use this function write first load("unit").
By default, the unit package converts all units to the seven fundamental
dimensions using MKS units. This behavior can be changed with the
setunits command. After that, the user can restore the default behavior
for a particular dimension by means of the uforget command:
(%i13) setunits([centigram,inch,minute]); (%o13) done
(%i14) centigram*inch/minutes^2;
%in cg
(%o14) ------
2
%min
(%i15) uforget([cg,%in,%min]); (%o15) [false, false, false]
(%i16) centigram*inch/minutes^2;
127 kg m
(%o16) (-------------) (----)
1800000000000 2
s
uforget operates on dimensions, not units, so any unit of a particular
dimension will work. The dimension itself is also a legal argument.
See also setunits. To use this function write first load("unit").
When resetting the global environment is overkill, there is the convert
command, which allows one time conversions. It can accept either a single
argument or a list of units to use in conversion. When a convert operation is
done, the normal global evaluation system is bypassed, in order to avoid the
desired result being converted again. As a consequence, for inexact
calculations "rat" warnings will be visible if the global environment
controlling this behavior (ratprint) is true. This is also useful for
spot-checking the accuracy of a global conversion. Another feature is
convert will allow a user to do Base Dimension conversions even if the
global environment is set to simplify to a Derived Dimension.
(%i2) kg*m/s^2;
kg m
(%o2) ----
2
s
(%i3) convert(kg*m/s^2,[g,km,s]);
g km
(%o3) ----
2
s
(%i4) convert(kg*m/s^2,[g,inch,minute]);
`rat' replaced 39.37007874015748 by 5000/127 = 39.37007874015748
18000000000 %in g
(%o4) (-----------) (-----)
127 2
%min
(%i5) convert(kg*m/s^2,[N]); (%o5) N
(%i6) convert(kg*m^2/s^2,[N]); (%o6) m N
(%i7) setunits([N,J]); (%o7) done
(%i8) convert(kg*m^2/s^2,[N]); (%o8) m N
(%i9) convert(kg*m^2/s^2,[N,inch]);
`rat' replaced 39.37007874015748 by 5000/127 = 39.37007874015748
5000
(%o9) (----) (%in N)
127
(%i10) convert(kg*m^2/s^2,[J]); (%o10) J
(%i11) kg*m^2/s^2; (%o11) J
(%i12) setunits([g,inch,s]); (%o12) done
(%i13) kg*m/s^2; (%o13) N
(%i14) uforget(N); (%o14) false
(%i15) kg*m/s^2;
5000000 %in g
(%o15) (-------) (-----)
127 2
s
(%i16) convert(kg*m/s^2,[g,inch,s]);
`rat' replaced 39.37007874015748 by 5000/127 = 39.37007874015748
5000000 %in g
(%o16) (-------) (-----)
127 2
s
See also setunits and uforget. To use this function write first
load("unit").
Default value: none
If a user wishes to have a default unit behavior other than that described,
they can make use of maxima-init.mac and the usersetunits
variable. The unit package will check on startup to see if this variable
has been assigned a list. If it has, it will use setunits on that list and take
the units from that list to be defaults. uforget will revert to the
behavior defined by usersetunits over its own defaults. For example, if we
have a maxima-init.mac file containing:
usersetunits : [N,J];
we would see the following behavior:
(%i1) load("unit")$
*******************************************************************
* Units version 0.50 *
* Definitions based on the NIST Reference on *
* Constants, Units, and Uncertainty *
* Conversion factors from various sources including *
* NIST and the GNU units package *
*******************************************************************
Redefining necessary functions...
WARNING: DEFUN/DEFMACRO: redefining function
TOPLEVEL-MACSYMA-EVAL ...
WARNING: DEFUN/DEFMACRO: redefining function MSETCHK ...
WARNING: DEFUN/DEFMACRO: redefining function KILL1 ...
WARNING: DEFUN/DEFMACRO: redefining function NFORMAT ...
Initializing unit arrays...
Done.
User defaults found...
User defaults initialized.
(%i2) kg*m/s^2; (%o2) N
(%i3) kg*m^2/s^2; (%o3) J
(%i4) kg*m^3/s^2; (%o4) J m
(%i5) kg*m*km/s^2; (%o5) (1000) (J)
(%i6) setunits([dyn,eV]); (%o6) done
(%i7) kg*m/s^2; (%o7) (100000) (dyn)
(%i8) kg*m^2/s^2; (%o8) (6241509596477042688) (eV)
(%i9) kg*m^3/s^2; (%o9) (6241509596477042688) (eV m)
(%i10) kg*m*km/s^2; (%o10) (6241509596477042688000) (eV)
(%i11) uforget([dyn,eV]); (%o11) [false, false]
(%i12) kg*m/s^2; (%o12) N
(%i13) kg*m^2/s^2; (%o13) J
(%i14) kg*m^3/s^2; (%o14) J m
(%i15) kg*m*km/s^2; (%o15) (1000) (J)
Without usersetunits, the initial inputs would have been converted
to MKS, and uforget would have resulted in a return to MKS rules. Instead,
the user preferences are respected in both cases. Notice these can still
be overridden if desired. To completely eliminate this simplification - i.e.
to have the user defaults reset to factory defaults - the
dontusedimension command can be used. uforget can restore user
settings again, but only if usedimension frees it for use. Alternately,
kill(usersetunits) will completely remove all knowledge of the user
defaults from the session. Here are some examples of how these various options
work.
(%i2) kg*m/s^2; (%o2) N
(%i3) kg*m^2/s^2; (%o3) J
(%i4) setunits([dyn,eV]); (%o4) done
(%i5) kg*m/s^2; (%o5) (100000) (dyn)
(%i6) kg*m^2/s^2; (%o6) (6241509596477042688) (eV)
(%i7) uforget([dyn,eV]); (%o7) [false, false]
(%i8) kg*m/s^2; (%o8) N
(%i9) kg*m^2/s^2; (%o9) J
(%i10) dontusedimension(N); (%o10) [%force]
(%i11) dontusedimension(J); (%o11) [%energy, %force]
(%i12) kg*m/s^2;
kg m
(%o12) ----
2
s
(%i13) kg*m^2/s^2;
2
kg m
(%o13) -----
2
s
(%i14) setunits([dyn,eV]); (%o14) done
(%i15) kg*m/s^2;
kg m
(%o15) ----
2
s
(%i16) kg*m^2/s^2;
2
kg m
(%o16) -----
2
s
(%i17) uforget([dyn,eV]); (%o17) [false, false]
(%i18) kg*m/s^2;
kg m
(%o18) ----
2
s
(%i19) kg*m^2/s^2;
2
kg m
(%o19) -----
2
s
(%i20) usedimension(N); Done. To have Maxima simplify to this dimension, use setunits([unit]) to select a unit. (%o20) true
(%i21) usedimension(J); Done. To have Maxima simplify to this dimension, use setunits([unit]) to select a unit. (%o21) true
(%i22) kg*m/s^2;
kg m
(%o22) ----
2
s
(%i23) kg*m^2/s^2;
2
kg m
(%o23) -----
2
s
(%i24) setunits([dyn,eV]); (%o24) done
(%i25) kg*m/s^2; (%o25) (100000) (dyn)
(%i26) kg*m^2/s^2; (%o26) (6241509596477042688) (eV)
(%i27) uforget([dyn,eV]); (%o27) [false, false]
(%i28) kg*m/s^2; (%o28) N
(%i29) kg*m^2/s^2; (%o29) J
(%i30) kill(usersetunits); (%o30) done
(%i31) uforget([dyn,eV]); (%o31) [false, false]
(%i32) kg*m/s^2;
kg m
(%o32) ----
2
s
(%i33) kg*m^2/s^2;
2
kg m
(%o33) -----
2
s
Unfortunately this wide variety of options is a little confusing at first, but once the user grows used to them they should find they have very full control over their working environment.
Rebuilds global unit lists automatically creating all desired metric units. x is a numerical argument which is used to specify how many metric prefixes the user wishes defined. The arguments are as follows, with each higher number defining all lower numbers’ units:
0 - none. Only base units
1 - kilo, centi, milli
(default) 2 - giga, mega, kilo, hecto, deka, deci, centi, milli,
micro, nano
3 - peta, tera, giga, mega, kilo, hecto, deka, deci,
centi, milli, micro, nano, pico, femto
4 - all
Normally, Maxima will not define the full expansion since this results in a
very large number of units, but metricexpandall can be used to
rebuild the list in a more or less complete fashion. The relevant variable
in the unit.mac file is %unitexpand.
Default value: 2
This is the value supplied to metricexpandall during the initial loading
of unit.
Vorige: Introduction to Units, Nach oben: unit [Inhalt][Index]