Forcing substitution



I am new to Maxima doing two things - in order of importance
   1. Review college algebra I had more than 40 years ago.
      It's  scratch pad that is more legible than my handwriting and
      easier to save.
   2. "Solve" a system of equations that are quadratic in x,y,z and
      linear in t. Fortunately all x^2, y^2, and z^2 terms cancel ;)

The question.

I get to a point of a simplified set of equations which contain 
subexpressions such as
      a^2 + b^2 + c^2

I, having defined the problem, recognize that
      r^2 = a^2 + b^2 + c^2

Can I have have Maxima recognize a^2 + b^2 + c^2 and substitute r^2 ?
It may appear as -a^2 - b^2 - c^2 , for which I would like to substitute 
-r^2 .