Hi! f:2*((u-cos(b))^2-u^2+2*cos(b)*u)+2*u^2-4*cos(b)*u; x:factor(expand(f)); err:sqrt(factor(expand(f)))-radcan(sqrt(f)); /* sqrt(x^2)=abs(x), not sqrt(x^2)=x */ Please corect. Truly yours, Valery Lovchikov