Decomposition of rationnal fractions



On Thu, 2010-05-13 at 20:48 +0200, Nicolas FRANCOIS wrote:
> Hi.
> 
> Is there any way to obtain the decomposition in simple elements (don't
> know exactly how to say this in english) of a fraction of the form :
> 
>           1
>   -------------------
>   (1-X)(1-X^2)(1-X^5)
> 
> (to obtain its formal series equivalent \sum a_nX^n, a_n being the
> number of ways to pay n? using 1, 2 and 5? corners (no, there
> is no such thing as a 5? corner, but there's a 5? banknote !)).
> 
> I'd like to obtain the C-decomposition, what do I have to do ?

Hi Nicolas,
I think you are referring to the "partial fraction expansion", which is
done with the function partfrac, like this:
(%i3) partfrac( 1 /(1-x) / (1-x^2) / (1-x^5), x);
          3      2
         x  + 2 x  + x + 1           1           13
(%o3) ------------------------ + --------- - ----------
          4    3    2            8 (x + 1)   40 (x - 1)
      5 (x  + x  + x  + x + 1)
                                             1             1
                                       + ---------- - -----------
                                                  2             3
                                        4 (x - 1)    10 (x - 1)

If the previous result is unreadable in your mail reader, here it is 1D
form:
(%i4) grind(%);

(x^3+2*x^2+x+1)/(5*(x^4+x^3+x^2+x+1))
 +1/(8*(x+1))-13/(40*(x-1))+1/(4*(x-1)^2)-1/(10*(x-1)^3)$

In fact, partfrac was the reason I started using Macsyma 25 years ago.
In my thesis I needed to decompose expression with 8th degree
polynomials in the denominator (correlation functions for a 4-quark
cluster). A still have copies of the several pages that it used to take
to show the complete result.

Regards,
Jaime