Maxima can't solve expression ...



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> I have another question: When I solve sin(x)=0 for x then, I get x=0

One (not the only) option is to try the to_poly_solve function.  This function attempts to convert an equation (or equations) into a polynomial form
and then solve; for example:

(%i1) load(to_poly_solve)$
Loading maxima-grobner $Revision: 1.6 $ $Date: 2009-06-02 07:49:49 $

 (%i2) %solve(sin(x)=0,x);
 (%o2) %union([x=2*%pi*%z6+%pi],[x=2*%pi*%z8])

A %union object is more-or-less like a set.

Variables of the vorm %zXXX are arbitrary integers. Maxima automatically declares them to be integers. The function nicedummies
re-indexes  %zXXX variables to start with zero:

  (%i3) nicedummies(%);
  (%o3) %union([x=2*%pi*%z0+%pi],[x=2*%pi*%z1])

We can check that the solutions are correct:

  (%i4) map(lambda([s], subst(s, sin(x)=0)),args(%));
  (%o4) [0=0,0=0]

Another example:

  (%i5) %solve(sin(x)=1/2,x);
  (%o5) %union([x=2*%pi*%z16+%pi/6],[x=2*%pi*%z18+(5*%pi)/6])

  (%i6) map(lambda([s], subst(s, sin(x)=1/2)),args(%));
  (%o6) [1/2=1/2,1/2=1/2]

  (%i7) %solve(max(5,x+1)=42+x,x);
  (%o7) %union([x=-37])

 (%i8) %solve(sin(x)*cos(2*x)=0,x);
 (%o8) %union([x=2*%pi*%z35+%pi],[x=2*%pi*%z37],[x=2*%pi*%z39-(3*%pi)/4],[x=-(-8*%pi*%z41-%pi)/4],[x=2*%pi*%z43-%pi/4],[x=2*%pi*%z45+(3*%pi)/4])

 (%i9) map(lambda([s], subst(s, sin(x)*cos(2*x)=0)),args(%));
 (%o9) [0=0,0=0,-cos(2*(2*%pi*%z39-(3*%pi)/4))/sqrt(2)=0,-sin((-8*%pi*%z41-%pi)/4)*cos((-8*%pi*%z41-%pi)/2)=0,-cos(2*(2*%pi*%z43-%pi/4))/sqrt(2)=0,cos(2*(2*%pi*%z45+(3*%pi)/4))/sqrt(2)=0]
 
 (%i10) trigrat(%);
 (%o10) [0=0,0=0,0=0,0=0,0=0,0=0]

Yikes--when the polynomial system has a high degree, Maxima sometimes finds approximation solutions. Then %solve returns approximate solutions, but they
have the appearance of being exact (no floats)

 (%i11) %solve(sin(x)*cos(2*x)=1/3,x);
 (%o11) %union([x=-(-12808237340241690624*%pi*%z57+711*%i+13776511260126347264)/6404118670120845312],[x=(6040*%pi*%z59-2991)/3020],[x=-(-37207902*%pi*%z61-3179029*%i-50544051)/18603951], [x=-(-39429822*%pi*%z63-3368869*%i-8373861)/19714911],[x=-(-39429822*%pi*%z65+3368869*%i-8373861)/19714911],[x=-(-37207902*%pi*%z67+3179029*%i-50544051)/18603951])


--Barton